Moist Static Energy Transport Trends in Four Global Reanalyses: Are They Downgradient?

Energy transduction, ion transport and protonmotive force: are they linked?

The chemiosmotic hypothesis is approximately 20 years old. It has been enormously useful, since it has offered a perspective from which we were able to ask questions never asked before. For the first time proton as well as other ion fluxes through membranes were examined from the common point of view of energy transduction. Despite this usefulness, the time has come to examine the tenets of thi...

Moist Static Energy Budget of the MJO during DYNAMO

5 The authors analyze the column-integrated moist static energy budget over the region of 6 the tropical Indian ocean covered by the sounding array during the CINDY/DYNAMO field 7 experiment in late 2011. The analysis is performed using data from the the sounding array 8 complemented by the Objectively Analyzed air-sea Fluxes for the Global Oceans (OAflux) 9 and Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant E...

The seasonal cycle of midlatitude static stability over land and ocean in global reanalyses

[1] Using a new reanalysis data set, the seasonal cycle of the midlatitude tropospheric static stability is examined. Dry and moist static stability measures are analyzed as a function of latitude, longitude, and season. It is shown that in both the Northern (NH) and Southern Hemispheres (SH), dry and moist static stability averaged over the midlatitudes maximizes in December–February. Examinin...

Herbal drug leaflets: are they in compliance with standards?

Leaflets inside pharmaceutical packages should include focal points about medicines being used by patients. The current study was designed to assess the compliance of information cited in herbal medicine leaflets with the standards released by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran (MHMEI). Leaflets of commonly used herbal pharmaceutical products sold in pharmacies of Iran were co...

Emerging trends in medical education: What are they? And why are they important?